Make Buttercream: Whisk together 5 large egg whites and 1¼ cups sugar in the heatproof bowl of an electric mixer over a pan of simmering water until sugar has dissolved, about 5 min. Test by rubbing the mixture between your fingers-you shouldn't feel any sugar crystals.
Transfer bowl to the mixer stand with the whisk attachment and beat on high until mixture cools and stiff peaks form, 10 to 12 min.
Reduce speed to medium high and add 1 teaspoon vanilla extract and 4 sticks unsalted, softened butter a little at a time. (Buttercream may curdle but will become smooth as you continue to beat it.)
Use within a few hours or refrigerate up to a week. Before using, bring to room temperature and beat on low until smooth.
To Top Cupcakes
Divide buttercream into thirds. Color one-third orange and one-third yellow. Fit a large piping bag with a #826 open-star tip. Spoon orange, yellow and white buttercream into the piping bag side by side (not on top of one another).
Pipe onto a plate until all three colors appear, then pipe swirls onto each cupcake. Cupcakes can be refrigerated up to a day.