Heat broiler to high with rack 4 to 6 inches from heat. Line a baking sheet with foil; set aside.
Slice chicken breasts horizontally into 2 thin pieces. If necessary, layer between sheet of plastic wrap and pound to ¼-inch thick.
Lay breasts, smooth side down, on work surface; season with salt and pepper. Spread each with ½ teaspoon Dijon. Layer with prosciutto, goat cheese and asparagus. Roll up, starting at the wide end of each breast; place on the baking sheet, seam side down.
Coat lightly with cooking spray or olive oil and sprinkle with pepper. Broil until chicken is cooked through and tops are golden, 8 to 10 min, rotating baking sheet halfway through. You may need to cover the chicken half-way through cooking with foil if they become golden quickly. Alternately follow the instructions in the notes section. Serve hot.
Notes
These elegant little roll-ups are super easy and cook in just 10 minutes!• This recipe makes about 8 roulades. They are small and 2 will feed one adult. I tested these in one oven 4-inches from the heat element of the broiler and they worked perfectly. Other ovens, 6-inches from the element worked best.In many cases you will want to broil the roll-ups until they get nice and golden, and then cover them with foil for the next few minutes.If you have a broiler that isn't a fantastic appliance, simply roast the roll-ups at 400ºF for 20 to 25 minutes, until the center is 165ºF on an instant read thermometer.